Why does no-one ever talk about hydrogen?
Ooo I remember, Elon Musk said hydrogen is "Stupid".
So we think we will need all the planet destroying lithium batteries that Musk, and his Tesla car company, has plans to make profit from, so he might be in with a chance of paying his investors, who want to profit too.
Yet technically, hydrogen replaces batteries. EVs can use fuel cells instead of batteries. They are still EVs but with hydrogen fuel cells they are instantly refuelable. If the fuel cells are reversible they are dual refuellable, either by hydrogen or electric.
With hydrogen use you also get gas you can fly with, in aero engines, gas you can drive with in fossil fuel engines, gas you can cook with, and gas that converts itself to food in bioreactors.
And with widespread hydrogen use you get a side effect of air cleaning and water cleaning and circulation, removing any need for "carbon capture".
Notice Elon is an investor and supporter of the latter, "Captura" a plant of which looks remarkably like a solar hydrogen production plant.
He suggests lots of Captura plants would remove the carbon issue.
Maybe it would, but firstly it will not put aeroplanes in the air, secondly, making the wierd business of carbon capture seem to work (by making some money for some investors), would perpetuate dependence on continued generation of carbon, this continued dependence on extracted energy, with the thermodynamic effect of continuing temperature rise, because it isn't just generation of carbon that causes temperature rise, there is something deeper, the fundamental difference between creating life and destroying life.
Destroying life returns everything to entropy, which is by definition a rise in temperature.
Creating life, from energy, reduces entropy, reducing temperature.
Extracting energy from materials and stored energy fields of Earth is destroying all life, therefore raising temperature.
Converting energy from the sun to anything other than heat as nature does creating all of life, reduces temperature.
Extracting our energy from Earth, even if we try to create with it, still raises the temperature on Earth, because in the end our net activity by energy extraction is destruction of life.
So forget Elon, forget investing in Lithium, and Carbon capture, start thinking hydrogen.
Investing in Batteries and lithium, is a losers game in terms of energy, I would say, and energy is ultimately what matters, not profit.
Swap batteries for fuel cells wherever possible, and everything will be fine, I would say.