Nick thanks for posting, I’ve known about various interpretations of Kardashev’s scale since first encountering in sci-fi books, about forty something years ago (Probably Asimov), but never knew much about the man, and would have assumed he’d passed away much earlier, had I not seen your article.

But his admirers should be happy his thoughts had such a profound effect, even influencing our direction.

For me as a Systems Engineer now, it seems an existential matter that we switch away from consuming the energy of our planet, to consuming the energy of our sun.

I have used a not entirely literal interpretation of his scale, to try to more clearly outline something incredible that might be happening in my recent story about a “Kardashev Hinge”.

I hope you like it, if you have some time and are interested to search it out.